The Šarplaninac or Šarplaninec also known as Sharplaninac-Sharplaninec Yugoslav Shepherd or Illyrian Shepherd Dog is an ancient livestock guarding breed originally from Serbia and Macedonia. The Šarplaninac was first registered by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in 1939 as the Illyrian Shepherd dog in part because of a Slovenian Croatian and Serb movement that sought to distance itself from Austria and Germany.